Engagement
Encourage participation & interaction
Engagement online does not happen on its own; it has to be invited, structured, and made easy every few minutes.
In a physical room, engagement is ambient: people lean in, nod, interrupt, react. Online, silence is the default. If you do not create regular moments for people to participate, most will settle into watching mode, and watching mode slides toward half-attention.
The good news is that online offers participation channels that a room does not: chat, polls, emoji reactions, and shared digital boards let many people contribute at the same time rather than one at a time. The facilitator's job is to use those channels consistently, not just when the agenda happens to allow discussion.